[13] People v. Matignas, 428 Phil. 834, 868-869 (2002) [Per J. Panganiban, En Banc]. [14] People v. Orosco, 757 Phil. 299, 310 (2015) [Per J. Villarama, Jr., Third Division]. [15] People v. Esoy, 631 Phil. 547, 555 (2010) [Per J. Villarama, Jr., First Division]. [16] G.R. No. 225595, August 6, 2019, 912 SCRA 271 [Per J. Caguioa, En Banc]. [17] Id. at 311. [18] Id. at 314-315. [19] People v. Abina, 830 Phil. 352, 361 (2018) [Per J. Del Castillo, First Division]. [20] People v. Enriquez, G.R. No. 238171, June 19, 2019, 905 SCRA 518 [Per J. Caguioa, Second Division]. [21] Id. at 526-527. [22] See People v. Toro, G.R. No. 245922, January 25, 2021 [Per J. Lazaro-Javier, Second Division]. [23] People v. Guillermo, 361 Phil. 933, 950 (1999) [Per J. Mendoza, Second Division]. [24] People v. Abierra, 833 Phil. 276, 293-294 (2018) [Per J. Reyes, Jr., Second Division]. [25] People v. De Guia, 257 Phil. 957, 975 (1989) [Per J. Feliciano, Third Division]; People v. Derilo, 338 Phil. 350, 365 (1997) [Per J. Regalado, En Banc]; People v. Garcia, 67 Phil. 1102, 1107 (2004) [Per J. Ynares-Santiago, First Division]; People v. Abierra, supra note 24; People v. Illescas, 396 Phil. 200, 209-210 (2000) [Per J. Ynares-Santiago, First Division]; and People v. Agramon, 833 Phil. 747, 756-757 (2018) [Per J. Caguioa, Second Division]. [26] CA rollo, pp. 36-37. [27] People v. Chua, 357 Phil. 907, 921 (1998) [Per J. Kapunan, Third Division]. [28] REVISED PENAL CODE, Article 14, paragraphs 6, 15, and 17. [29] See People v. Cortes, 413 Phil. 386, 393 (2001) [Per J. Pardo, En Banc]; People v. Gallego, 392 Phil. 552, 574 (2000) [Per J. Puno, First Division]. See also People v. Bohol, 390 Phil. 827, 839 (2000) [Per J. Pardo First Division]. [30] People v. Villanueva, 807 Phil. 245, 247 (2017) [Per J. Reyes, Third Division]. [31] See People v. Villanueva, supra; Valenzuela v. People, 612 Phil. 907, 917 (2009) [Per J. Brion, Second Division]. [32] People v. Acaya, 246 Phil. 773, 782 (1988) [Per J. Melencio-Herrera, Second Division); United State v. Abaigar, 2 Phil. 417, 418 (1903) [Per J. Mapa, En Banc]. [33] People v. Cortes, supra note 29 at 392. [34] See People v. Acaya, supra note 32. [35] See People v. Cortes, supra note 29 at 392. [36] Rollo, p. 7. [37] People v. Crisostomo, 243 Phil. 211, 220 (1988) [Per J. Gancayco, First Division]; People v. Quesada, 107 Phil. 1068, 1070 (1960) [Per J. Bautista Angelo, En Banc]; People v. De La Peña, 66 Phil. 451, 452-453 (1938) [Per J. Diaz, En Banc]; People v. De La Cruz, 63 Phil. 874, 876 (1936) [Per C.J. Avanceña, En Banc]; People v. Co Chang, 60 Phil. 293, 296 (1934) [Per J. Vickers, En Banc]. [38] People v. Jugueta, 783 Phil. 806 (2016) [Per J. Peralta, En Banc]. See also People v. Racal, 817 Phil. 665 (2017) [Per J. Peralta, Second Division). [39] People v. Jugueta, supra.